Which Of The Following Is Controlled By The Somatic Motor Division?
All the terminology that gets thrown effectually when y'all're studying the nervous system can be a little overwhelming. Autonomic, parasympathetic, somatic, peripheral...how many nervous systems tin can one person have?! Well, if you're feeling lost amid the branches, never fearfulness! The easiest manner to become united nations-lost is to make a map, and that's what nosotros're going to do today. Information technology turns out that when we say "the" nervous system, nosotros're actually referring to 1 entity that has a bunch of different divisions that work together to achieve a common goal (keeping you alive). The map nosotros're creating is going to help us acquire about all of these different pieces of the nervous system, what they practise, and how they communicate with each other. The biggest and most basic distinction we make when talking well-nigh the nervous organisation is the one between the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS), so that'due south where we're going to get-go our map. I placed the CNS a lilliputian higher than the PNS because even though the PNS isn't function of the CNS, the CNS is technically "in charge." Because I'g into both metaphors and Star Trek, let's think of the CNS as Starfleet Control and the PNS equally all the exploratory vessels and research stations scattered throughout the galaxy. These starships and stations collaborate with alien lifeforms, distant planets, and weird infinite anomalies, then send reports back to Starfleet HQ on Earth. The officials there issue orders when bug ascend. The PNS has two different kinds of pathways: sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent), and we're going to add those to the map adjacent. Sensory neurons relay data nigh stimuli such every bit temperature, pressure, light, pain, and certain chemicals dorsum to the brain. They are (in some cases literally) the eyes and ears of the nervous arrangement, collecting information and keeping the CNS informed so information technology can formulate reactions. In that location are ii primary flavors of sensory input received by the PNS: somatic and visceral. Somatic sensory input comes from the receptors of the optics, ears, nose, tongue, and peel. These organs transmit information we acquaintance with the five senses. Visceral sensory input comes from (surprise!) the viscera, or internal organs. Sensory neurons keep close tabs on the middle, lungs, stomach, and bladder and so that the CNS can manage their regulation. Motor neurons ship signals in the contrary direction from sensory ones, transmitting commands from the encephalon to command the contraction of smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscles. The motor sectionalisation of the PNS likewise has visceral and somatic branches. The key difference betwixt these is that the somatic motor partition sends voluntary commands to skeletal muscles. It's the function of the nervous organization we have the well-nigh conscious control over, with neural messages traveling from the principal motor cortex in the brain down through the spinal cord to the efferent neurons of the PNS. If yous want to know more about the interactions between neurons and skeletal muscles, check out this post. The but involuntary movements associated with the somatic motor division are somatic reflexes, such as when you impact something hot and yous pull your manus abroad without thinking well-nigh it. A reflex basically works like this: Somatic sensory receptors in the skin, muscles, and/or tendons send information to the spinal cord or brainstem via afferent neurons. In the brainstem or posterior horn of the spinal string, synaptic contact between sensory and motor neurons (integration) occurs. This can happen either directly, equally in the case of monosynaptic reflexes, or via interneurons. Fun fact: interneurons exist in the CNS and in the enteric nervous system (discussed in Part II). Efferent neurons carry an impulse from the integration center out to the appropriate muscles. The muscles contract. Let'due south pause and take a look at how our map'south doing. Nosotros've covered how the CNS and PNS commutation sensory and motor data, and how the PNS collects information from the sensory neurons in its afferent pathways and relays motor commands from the CNS out to the muscles and organs of the body. We also talked about how the somatic motor partition of the PNS involves (more often than not) conscious muscle movements and how the visceral motor division (ANS) handles involuntary musculus movements. Because the Autonomic Nervous System is pretty complicated, we're going to end here for today and explore information technology in Part Ii of this article. And so tune in next week for an in-depth discussion of the divisions of the ANS and the completion of the map—same VB time, same VB channel. Be sure to subscribe to the Visible Body Blog for more anatomy awesomeness! Are you a professor (or know someone who is)? We have awesome visuals and resources for your beefcake and physiology course! Additional Sources:
The CNS and PNS
The CNS is composed of the encephalon and the spinal string. That's it—all the other pieces of the nervous organisation vest to the PNS. You lot can see this stardom in the image below. 
Prototype from Human Anatomy Atlas. Afferent and Efferent Pathways of the PNS
Image from Human Anatomy Atlas.
What We've Got So Far
Which Of The Following Is Controlled By The Somatic Motor Division?,
Source: https://www.visiblebody.com/blog/navigating-the-nervous-system-part-i-the-cns-pns-and-somatic-motor-control
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